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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑žgem | om koβə̑žgo |
| 2SG: | koβə̑žget | ot koβə̑žgo |
| 3SG: | koβə̑žga | ok/ogeš koβə̑žgo |
| 1PL: | koβə̑žgena | ona/ogə̑na koβə̑žgo |
| 2PL: | koβə̑žgeda | oda/ogə̑da koβə̑žgo |
| 3PL: | koβə̑žgat | ogə̑t koβə̑žgo |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑žgə̑šə̑m | šə̑m koβə̑žgo |
| 2SG: | koβə̑žgə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ koβə̑žgo |
| 3SG: | koβə̑žgə̑š | ə̑š koβə̑žgo |
| 1PL: | koβə̑žgə̑šna | ə̑šna koβə̑žgo |
| 2PL: | koβə̑žgə̑šda | ə̑šda koβə̑žgo |
| 3PL: | koβə̑žgə̑št | ə̑št koβə̑žgo |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑žgenam | koβə̑žgen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | koβə̑žgenat | koβə̑žgen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | koβə̑žgen | koβə̑žgen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | koβə̑žgenna | koβə̑žgen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | koβə̑žgenda | koβə̑žgen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | koβə̑žgenə̑t | koβə̑žgen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑žgem ə̑l'e | om koβə̑žgo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | koβə̑žget ə̑l'e | ot koβə̑žgo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | koβə̑žga ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš koβə̑žgo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | koβə̑žgena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na koβə̑žgo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | koβə̑žgeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da koβə̑žgo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | koβə̑žgat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t koβə̑žgo ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑žgem ulmaš | om koβə̑žgo ulmaš |
| 2SG: | koβə̑žget ulmaš | ot koβə̑žgo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | koβə̑žga ulmaš | ok/ogeš koβə̑žgo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | koβə̑žgena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na koβə̑žgo ulmaš |
| 2PL: | koβə̑žgeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da koβə̑žgo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | koβə̑žgat ulmaš | ogə̑t koβə̑žgo ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑žgenam ə̑l'e | koβə̑žgen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | koβə̑žgenat ə̑l'e | koβə̑žgen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | koβə̑žgen ə̑l'e | koβə̑žgen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | koβə̑žgenna ə̑l'e | koβə̑žgen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | koβə̑žgenda ə̑l'e | koβə̑žgen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | koβə̑žgen ə̑l'e | koβə̑žgen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑žgenam ulmaš | koβə̑žgen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | koβə̑žgenat ulmaš | koβə̑žgen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | koβə̑žgen ulmaš | koβə̑žgen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | koβə̑žgenna ulmaš | koβə̑žgen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | koβə̑žgenda ulmaš | koβə̑žgen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | koβə̑žgen ulmaš | koβə̑žgen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | koβə̑žgo | it koβə̑žgo |
| 3SG: | koβə̑žgə̑žo | ə̑nže koβə̑žgo |
| 1PL: | (koβə̑žgena) | (ona/ogə̑na koβə̑žgo) |
| 2PL: | koβə̑žgə̑za | ida koβə̑žgo |
| 3PL: | koβə̑žgə̑št | ə̑nə̑št koβə̑žgo |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑žgə̑nem | ə̑nem koβə̑žgo |
| 2SG: | koβə̑žgə̑net | ə̑net koβə̑žgo |
| 3SG: | koβə̑žgə̑neže | ə̑než koβə̑žgo |
| 1PL: | koβə̑žgə̑nena | ə̑nena koβə̑žgo |
| 2PL: | koβə̑žgə̑neda | ə̑neda koβə̑žgo |
| 3PL: | koβə̑žgə̑nešt | ə̑nešt koβə̑žgo |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | koβə̑žgə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem koβə̑žgo ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | koβə̑žgə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net koβə̑žgo ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | koβə̑žgə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než koβə̑žgo ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | koβə̑žgə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena koβə̑žgo ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | koβə̑žgə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda koβə̑žgo ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | koβə̑žgə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt koβə̑žgo ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | koβə̑žgə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net koβə̑žgo ulmaš |
| 3SG: | koβə̑žgə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než koβə̑žgo ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | koβə̑žgə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda koβə̑žgo ulmaš |
| 3PL: | koβə̑žgə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt koβə̑žgo ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | koβə̑žgaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | koβə̑žgə̑man |
| Active participle: | koβə̑žgə̑šo |
| Passive participle: | koβə̑žgə̑mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | koβə̑žgə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | koβə̑žgə̑də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | koβə̑žgen |
| Negative gerund: | koβə̑žgə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | koβə̑žgə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | koβə̑žgə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | koβə̑žgə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | koβə̑žgə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | koβə̑žgə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||